population

The people living within a political or geographical boundary.

• The population of New Jersey will not stand for this!

The people with a given characteristic.broadly

• India has the third-largest population of English-speakers in the world.

A count of the number of residents within a political or geographical boundary such as a town, a nation or the world.

• The town’s population is only 243.
• population explosion; population growth

A count of the number of residents within a political or geographical boundary such as a town, a nation or the world.; The number of living cells in a pattern.

• This is one of several known "sawtooth" patterns, in which the population is unbounded but does not tend to infinity.
• End population was 101,764 cells, but with some significant spikes and drops along the way.

A collection of organisms of a particular species, sharing a particular characteristic of interest, most often that of living in a given area.

• A seasonal migration annually changes the populations in two or more biotopes drastically, many twice in opposite senses.

A group of units (persons, objects, or other items) enumerated in a census or from which a sample is drawn.

• […]it is possible it [the Anglo-Saxon race] might stand second to the Scandinavian countries [in average height] if a fair sample of their population were obtained.

The act of filling initially empty items in a collection.

• John clicked the Search button and waited for the population of the list to complete.

General population.

• I would like to say something about the place I am doing time at. When I was placed in population, I met another woman and we immediately became good friends.